低强度超声对短程硝化污泥活性的影响

为提高短程硝化反硝化脱氮效率,采用低强度超声对短程硝化反应进行强化,通过对比氨氧化率和亚硝酸盐生产量,考察低强度超声对短程硝化污泥活性影响。首先,通过对超声能量的优化试验,发现低强度超声能够提升短程硝化污泥反应速率,且超声能量为43.20 kJ时氨氧化率和亚硝酸盐生成量最大;然后考察超声能量与污泥浓度的关系。结果表明:1)在相同超声能量(43.20 kJ)条件下,随着污泥质量浓度(0.34~1.03 g VSS/L)增加,能量密度降低,反应速率不断提高;2)保持污泥浓度恒定,增加超声能量,发现在43.20 kJ时短程硝化污泥活性最好,氨氧化速率比对照组提高25.42%,继续增加能量后去除速率开始下降,原因是适宜的能量会增加微生物细胞壁和细胞膜的通透性,加快基质传递和反应速率,提高微生物活性,但当所施加能量超出其所能承受范围,则会对微生物内部产生损害,降低其活性;3)考察超声能量对胞外聚合物浓度和酶活性影响,在43.20 kJ条件下,多糖、蛋白质和胞外聚合物(EPS)浓度分别提高了18.32%、26.54%和22.05%,氨单加氧酶活性增加19.82%。研究表明,由于低强度超声作用加快胞外聚合物分泌,增加生物酶活性,进而促进了短程硝化污泥反应速率。     

戊唑醇粉尘最小点火能试验研究

采用1.2 L哈特曼管爆炸装置分别对粒径小于54μm、74μm、150μm及大于150μm的戊唑醇粉尘进行测试。针对戊唑醇粉尘浓度及粒径范围对其最小点火能的影响,分别进行单因素试验,并对其危险性进行分级。结果表明,保持粒径小于150μm,环境温度为20℃,喷粉压力为0.7 MPa,在质量浓度100~1 300 g/m~3之间,戊唑醇粉尘的最佳敏感质量浓度ρ_m为983.71 g/m~3,此时的最小点火能为404.74 mJ。保持戊唑醇粉尘质量浓度为900 g/m~3,环境温度为20℃,喷粉压力为0.7 MPa不变,粒径小于54μm、74μm、150μm及大于150μm的戊唑醇粉尘的最小点火能分别为10 mJ、100 mJ、400 mJ和1 000 mJ以上。因此,判定戊唑醇粉尘最小点火能属于M2级,为特别着火敏感性。     

Towards sustainable consumption: Predicting the impact of social‐psychological factors on energy conservation intentions in Northern Cyprus

The incessant demand and consumption of energy services among individuals’ is increasing throughout the world. Individuals’ electricity consumption in Northern Cyprus has risen considerably. However, the demand for electrical energy services on the island is heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels has adverse effects on its environment. Therefore, sustainable energy consumption is required and individuals are targeted for energy conservation to reduce electricity consumption. Against this background, using the Structural Equation Modeling approach, this research incorporates social‐psychological factors; personal norms, positive and negative emotions into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to assess the relationships among the variables, explain their impact on consumers’ electricity conservation intentions and enhance the explanatory power of the model. Data was conveniently obtained from a quantitative sample of 400 electricity consumers. The results indicate that negative emotions have the strongest significant influence on intentions, but personal norms have the least effect on intentions to save electricity. Furthermore, the study revealed that our expanded TPB model can provide improved explanatory power more than the original TPB. Policy implications, limitations and future research are discussed.     

Farmers’ risk preference and the adoption of risk management strategies in Northern Ghana

The study used the hypothetical lottery-choice questions to measure risk aversion and a detailed survey collected data on input use, farm production and non-farm activities to specifically assess whether risk aversion, risk perceptions, and socioeconomic factors affect the risk management strategies of farm households in Northern Ghana. Risk aversion significantly increases crop diversification strategies of households but marginally reduces herbicide use by households. Market risk significantly increases the use of improved seed varieties and the application of inorganic fertiliser but reduces diversification into livestock production. Production risk largely increases diversification into livestock production. Farmers’ risk management strategies are affected by socioeconomic variables such as access to extension services, area cultivated, age and gender. Policy effort focused on building pliable on-farm crop related risk management strategies should aim at considering the risk aversion and the perception of market risk whilst those focused on livestock should focus on production risk.     

Barriers,potentialities, and actions for implementation of sustainable energy procedures in Brazilian federal universities

Many universities around the world have served as active centers for research on climate change. However, there are several barriers to their activities, stemming from the nature of research, resources, and the structure of institutions. This document provides an overview of barriers, potential factors, and activities to develop and implement sustainable energy processes in public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Brazil. The research was conducted from March to April of 2018 with representatives of HEIs (rectors or prorectors of research). A total of 63 invitations to respond to the Survey‐monkey survey were emailed, and responses were received from 32 universities. The research concludes by proposing measures that can be taken to make the issue of climate change more present and effective in university research and teaching activities. This includes changes in research, information dissemination, and teaching approaches to better support actions to address climate change. In Brazil, there are many potentialities in terms of natural resources, but actions for implementation are still incipient. Further efforts and investment in research and development will be required.     

A nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-carbon microspheres for electrochemical energy storage applications

A carbon/CoFe₂O₄ composite was synthesized by precipitation method. The morphology of the composite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The electrocapacitive behaviors of the composite has been studies by cycle voltammogram and galvanic charge/discharge. The size of the nanoparticles carbon composite of CoFe₂O₄ was uniform and 209 nm. Due to a high percent of carbon, electrochemical measurements showed electrical double layer mechanism. Specifically, the carbon/cobalt ferrite electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.16 A g^?1, and high rate capability with 30% retention of capacitance even up to 20 A g^?1, and excellent cycling stability with 81.5% retention of the initial capacitance after 6000 charge/discharge cycles, supporting that the carbon cobalt ferrite composite electrode could be a potential candidate for supercapacitor application.     

华阳河湖群沉积物内源磷释放风险及控制策略

为研究沉积物内源磷释放对浅水湖泊水体总磷的影响,以华阳河湖群为对象,根据不同季节全湖水质监测数据,分析总磷的空间和季节性分布特征;结合沉积物间隙水磷浓度数据,采用浓度梯度扩散模型估算湖泊沉积物内源磷静态释放量;基于2019年在线水质监测站连续数据,分析典型沉积物再悬浮过程内源磷释放对水体总磷贡献及估算其年累积释放量.结果表明:①华阳河湖群现场监测总磷浓度变化范围为0.014~0.297 mg/L,龙感湖与黄大湖总磷浓度空间变幅大于泊湖;②典型再悬浮过程中内源磷动态释放对水体总磷的贡献可达75%,华阳河湖群内源磷的年释放量在1.129×104~1.684×104 t之间;③静态的内源磷年释放量为12.92 t,仅占动态释放量0.1%.研究显示:华阳河湖群总磷浓度时空差异较大,内源磷释放对总磷短期波动具有重要作用,静态释放量对全年内源磷释放量的贡献几乎可以忽略;严格控制入湖营养盐通量的同时,恢复草型湖泊生态系统以控制内源释放已成为解决华阳河湖群水环境问题的重要管理决策方向.      

国家战略背景下旅游资源的理论内涵与科学问题

国家战略的实施为旅游资源研究提出了新的现实需求和科学问题。从新战略、新需求、新技术、新方法、新动力等方面,诠释了国家战略背景下旅游资源科学新的时代特征。强调应扎根于国家战略和旅游发展的重大需求,树立新的旅游资源观,综合运用新的理论思维和技术方法,推动旅游资源研究转型和创新发展。提出新时代的旅游资源研究应借鉴和融合相关理论,从资源本底、资源利用、空间格局和系统协同层面,建立旅游资源的基础理论,并将旅游吸引物理论和旅游人地关系理论作为理论核心。从旅游资源要素维度、空间维度和开发维度,构建了“三维一体”的旅游资源研究框架,重点围绕生态文明战略、文化强国战略、国土空间战略、新型城镇化战略、乡村振兴战略、“一带一路”倡议、创新驱动战略、健康中国战略和区域发展等国家战略,凝练相关科学问题,深入开展旅游资源研究的本土实践和学术探索,推动旅游资源理论与应用创新,构建中国特色的旅游资源科学体系。     

Fe2O3@SCe多相芬顿催化剂的制备及其降解放热性能

为研究多相Fenton体系降解有机污水过程的放热规律,为污水处理的能源化利用提供技术支撑,本文以半焦（SCe）为载体,制备了Fe₂O₃@SCe新型复合材料,并对复合材料进行了BET、FTIR、XRD、SEM表征,研究了Fe₂O₃@SCe/H₂O₂多相Fenton体系处理邻苯二胺（OPD）模拟废水的降解性能和放热规律.结果表明,Fe₂O₃均匀负载于SCe颗粒表面,Fe₂O₃@SCe复合材料保留了改性SCe的多孔形态和强吸附性,在3.1~8.9的pH值范围内均表现出较高的催化活性;Fe₂O₃@SCe/H₂O₂多相Fenton体系在去离子水中自身分解和在邻苯二胺模拟废水的降解反应都释放了大量的热量,在[OPD]= 0.04mol/L;pH=7.8;T₀=30℃;[H₂O₂]=0.25mol/L;[Fe₂O₃@Sce]=533g/L;t=180min反应条件下的溶液温度升高数值为7.1℃,降解率为88.2%; H₂O₂的投加浓度是影响反应放热量的主要因素.     

中国环境保护相关电价政策效应与资金机制

本文从电价政策优化视角,分析了环保电价与可再生能源电价的目标、补贴率变化,首次核算了两类政策的资金总额,对比评估了两类政策的资金规模、微观作用机制、资金机制和决策机制.结果发现,环保电价长年稳定,为燃煤发电行业污染治理资金提供了稳定预期,实现了污染物的快速减排;可再生能源上网标杆电价多次下调,激励企业技术进步的同时,助长了企业投机行为.微观作用机制上,环保电价刺激了燃煤发电企业治污技术进步、企业私人成本下降,但社会承担了较高的污染治理成本;而可再生能源电价政策促进了发电社会成本的下降.可再生能源电价资金传导机制更为刚性,但存在附加征收率不高、资金缺口大等问题,政策设计未做到激励相容.2015年环保电价与可再生能源电价补贴资金总额分别为767.97亿元（不含税）和429.1亿元（供给侧）.环保电价资金总额超过可再生能源电价资金总额,强化了燃煤发电成本优势,制约了可再生能源发展,不利于电力结构的清洁化.